Simultaneous determination of tramadol in earwax and urine samples: effects of age, duration time and sex

Massadeh AM, Al-Rawi NH, Fayyad MT, Shotar AM, Al-Farras MI & Massadeh SAA | Bioanalysis, 16(06), 363–374, (2024) Keywords: • analysis • earwax • HPLC • tramadol • urine Background: This study aims to determine the concentrations of tramadol in earwax (μg/g) and urine (μg/ml) samples taken from postoperative patients, to evaluate the sensitivity of earwax (cerumen) as an alternative analyte and compare it with the findings in urine samples. Results: The results indicated that tramadol concentrations in earwax samples were averaged 45.08 μg/g (range: 13.5–107.7 μg/g), whereas tramadol concentrations in urine samples were averaged 4.97 μg/ml (range: 1.57–10.11 μg/ml)....