Reducing pre-clinical blood volumes for toxicokinetics: toxicologists, pathologists and bioanalysts unite

“The vision for the future is to obtain toxicokinetic and clinical pathology end points ‘in-life’ (without terminating the animal) and on the same day.” Blood samples are taken from animals during general toxicology, reproductive toxicology and safety pharmacology studies with pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical chemicals to demonstrate that the compound is present in the groups of animals being tested and to understand how the degree of systemic exposure may be linked to any toxicological effects observed. The blood (plasma or serum) concentration data generated from each sample are used to derive toxicokinetic (TK) data and regulatory guidance dictates generally how and...