Development and validation of an impedance biosensor for point-of-care detection of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 toward lupus diagnostics

Aim: Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that requires chronic monitoring. In this study, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept study of a highly attractive noninvasive strategy for monitoring systemic lupus erythematosus through biomarker quantification. Results: This sensor technology requires 50 μl of urine to detect and quantify vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in 15 min. The sensor used nonfaradaic detection to demonstrate performance with and without detection antibody. Binding of immunoassay and target biomarkers were quantified with an impedance electrical immunoassay and correlated with an equivalent circuit. Conclusion: The novel sensor technology demonstrates detection in the range of 8 fg/ml to...