A perspective on the challenges and issues in developing biomarkers for human allergic risk assessments
![](https://www.bioanalysis-zone.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/shutterstock_510957727_chemistry_biomarker-800x345.jpg)
Abstract Homeostasis in host immunity is the functional state that protects the body from disease while minimizing detrimental effects of an immune response, such as allergic, autoimmune or a suppressed immune response. As the normal human population's immunity can vary by more than two standard deviations [1–4], individuals can have wide fluctuations in how they express homeostasis. When these possible detrimental effects are considered, immunotoxicity or immune disorders can be divided into two categories: enhanced immunity (e.g., hypersensitivity, allergy, autoimmunity, sensitization and dermatitis) and suppressed immunity (e.g., hyposensitivity and immunosuppression), shown in Figure 1. Both categories represent an immune response...